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Tracking Back References in a Write-Anywhere File System
Welfare facilities such as refreshments, first aid, foot massage and toilets can be made available even within a small event site. You may want to include entertainment such as music or street theatre for people waiting to start and for any friends/supporters not doing the walk. If you are planning to sell alcohol or have what is known as ‘regulated entertainment’ (which includes music and dancing) you will need to have a licence from the local authority. They will be able to tell you if your venue already has a licence and will give you details of how...
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Disaster relief emergency fund (DREF) ZiThe Time of Our Lives: Life Span Development of Timing and Event Trackingmbabwe: Floods
If you have a large number of participants then you should stagger their start times. This will help prevent people having to queue for ages to register and will ensure a steady flow of walkers starting off onto the streets/paths. Think carefully about your registration process. You may want to allocate staggered start times before the day, or you could advertise a start ‘window’ of two to three hours and ask people to queue and register as they arrive.
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Disaster relief emergency fund (DREF) Zimbabwe: Floods
Participants can also be encouraged to select their own anticipated speed for walking the route. This will help you place the faster walkers at the front of the queue and the more leisurely walkers at the back, ensuring everyone has an enjoyable experience. The number of participants released onto the route at one time may need to be managed by stewards - with participants gathering in a small ‘muster’ area. This control measure allows you to manage the number of participants starting at any one time and to allow gaps to form if necessary. ...
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Who Pays for Medical Errors? An Analysis of Adverse Event Costs, the Medical Liability System, and Incentives for Patient Safety Improvement
You may decide you want your walk to finish in the same place as the start. If so, you will need to think about how to separate the starters from the finishers – either by using a different part of the park for example, or by being sure that no one will finish the course before the last person sets off. You need to set up a well-defined finish line to give walkers that moment of knowing that they’ve completed the distance. As well as the all-important finish line the finish site should ideally offer toilets and refreshments and...
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Event Order Abstraction for Parametric Real-Time System Verification
Some beautiful and famous countryside sites are at risk of being over-used for large-scale walks. This kind of activity brings hundreds of tramping feet and a hubbub of noise and bustle which can destroy the very beauty and atmosphere for which the place is famous. Other sites and routes are much more robust and lend themselves happily to throngs of people all enjoying themselves at the same place at the same time. Choose your event site wisely.
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Max-Margin Early Event Detectors
Obviously you will need to tailor your walk event to the interests and abilities of the people you plan to attract. This will affect your choice of route, its length and difficulty and the way you publicise and promote it. It is often a good idea to offer a shorter route option for people who do not want to walk the whole way. This can help widen the appeal of your event to young families and older people. Think about what you need your walkers to know and when they need to know it. The following list...
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Multi-agent event recognition in structured scenarios
Even moderate-sized events take a lot of planning and organising. It’s wise to set up an organising group right from the start and allocate areas of responsibility. Extra helpers can be brought in for particular roles, such as stewarding, without having to attend all the planning meetings. This approach cuts down on stress for particular individuals and ensures a more efficient use of everyone’s time and energy. For more about communications with your entire team see the section on organising your team. ...
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Magic: The Gathering Premier Event Invitation Policy
If your route uses rights of way on land owned by local authorities or by private landowners you don’t need their permission but it is polite and sensible to contact them. If it uses roads, then you should contact the relevant local authority’s highways team. You may also have to approach other departments of the same or another tier of local authority to consult them about the location of checkpoints and event facilities. Local authorities are structured very differently in different places. It’s wise to make the initial contact by phone to find out which authorities you need...
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Provenance for the Cloud
Depending on the route, the walk may go through more than one police area. Organisers are normally required to log route details with the operational departments of each separate police force. It may be appropriate to check with the police that your route is considered safe from a crime perspective and take advice about your plans. It is generally the case nowadays that although the police may assist with the development of your event and give advice, they no longer provide a free presence on the day other than their normal beat presence. Any special...
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Performance Modeling of Critical Event Management for Ubiquitous Computing Applications
If your organised walk will potentially have enough participants to cause disruption to normal pedestrian or traffic flow, it’s always a good idea to consult with businesses and residents on the route. A simple way to do this is to deliver a general letter explaining the event’s route, timings and objectives. Always include a contact e-mail address or phone number for one of the events team who can answer any queries and do make sure you respond to all queries. Mostly, residents and businesses are grateful for the advance notification and may even support the event. ...
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Unsupervised Learning of Narrative Event Chains
If people express concerns it is worth agreeing to meet them in person and talking through the event with them so that they understand in detail how they may be affected. If there’s a particular business which you foresee could be a problem, for example a courier firm with vehicles coming and going throughout the day, approach them in person first and see if they’re willing to work with you and reduce (or eliminate) the number of vehicle movements. Some businesses may need to be alerted to the fact that they could benefit from the event (eg a...
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An Event-Related fMRI Study of Syntactic and Semantic Violations
Even small events need some funds. Many local authorities can give advice on sources of local and national grants available to community groups within their area. It may also be appropriate to approach local commercial sponsors. Sponsorship is not just a one-way benefit. It offers a promotion opportunity for a business to be associated with your good cause. Build a relationship with your funders and sponsors, and at the very least remember to credit them in the way you’ve agreed and to thank them afterwards. ...
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iPhish: Phishing Vulnerabilities on Consumer Electronics
If you are working within an existing organisation, make sure that your logo is prominent on any publicity and all printed materials to make best use of the opportunities to raise your profile and help create a cumulative effect with your event’s advertising. If your event is a standalone affair you may want to create a logo to make it recognisable at a glance. If your event has received sponsorship or grants remember to include the relevant logo/s on all promotional material. Asking local companies for sponsorship can raise their profile as well as money if...
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Auto-Generation of NVEF Knowledge in Chinese
Every event, regardless of size, needs careful planning in advance. The planning process should include, in an appropriate way, everyone who will be assisting in the event delivery as well as any other relevant agencies such as the local authority and police. Keeping track of all the steps in the process is made much easier if you keep all the information together in a single Event Management Plan (see suggested outline below). If you keep this electronically make sure you back it up frequently. Small events do not need the same mass of documentation as large ones, and there...
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Guidance for Clinical Investigators, Sponsors, and IRBs Adverse Event Reporting to IRBs — Improving Human Subject Protection
In the early stages of the planning process your plan will not contain definitive information, but it will help to keep you on track and will reassure partners and stakeholders that you are planning a safe, well -thought out and organised event. As the planning progresses, you will be updating this document and you should make sure that your fellow event organisers are updating their relevant areas of responsibility as well. All those undertaking key roles on the event day should receive a copy of the final Event Management Plan (EMP) in advance, to allow time...
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How to Organise a Walking Event
An interesting and varied route can include a mixture of green spaces, paths and pavements alongside roads. The route should avoid crossing roads as much as possible and if a crossing is necessary should use a pelican/zebra crossing if possible. Marshals may need to help walkers at busy road crossings and will need appropriate briefing on their duties. The principal task there will be to advise walkers when it is safe to cross. By law they have no powers to stop traffic. Knowing the kind of people who are likely to come will help you decide the distance...
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Output-Based Event-Triggered Control With Guaranteed -Gain and Improved and Decentralized Event-Triggering
If your route can be organised as a predominantly self-guided walk this means you don’t need so many marshals or signs. This reduces the cost, time and effort spent putting up signs. However, large, mass- participation events do need highly visible marshals and may well need signs placed at strategic points to keep people on the right route. If you want to put up signs you’ll need to get approval from the local authority. If the route is mostly self-guided everyone should be given a clear map. Sections through parks and green spaces may need additional marshals to help point...
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Event Detection from Time Series Data
For small events this could be as simple as erecting a small gazebo with a couple of trestle tables for registration purposes. Larger, more elaborate events will require a fully marked out site with spaces allocated for whatever welfare facilities and entertainment you are organising. You should make your plans for these with the assumption that there may be spectators and supporters as well as participants at the start and finish, and that they may well want to enjoy any on-site facilities and entertainment you provide until the walkers return. ...
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No Pressure! Tips for Recognizing and Preventing Hypertension
A natural approach to implementing such systems is to use an existing query-based data collection system for sen- sor networks. Through queries, a user can ask for the data he or she is interested in without concern for the technical details of how that data will be retrieved or processed. A number of research projects, including Cougar [31], Di- rected Diffusion [12], and TinyDB [19,20] have advocated a query-based interface to sensornets, and several imple- mentations of query systems have been built and deployed. Unfortunately, these existing query systems do not pro- vide an efficient way to evaluate...
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Flash: An Efficient and Portable Web Server
In this paper, we present REED, a system for Robust and Efficient Event Detection in sensor networks that addresses this limitation, enabling the deployment of sensor networks for the types of applications described above. REED is based on TinyDB, but extends it with the ability to support joins between sensor data and static tables built outside the sensor network. This allows users to express queries that include complex time and location varying predicates over any number of conditions using join predicates over these different attributes. The key idea behind REED is to store filter...
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Crom: FasterWeb Browsing Using Speculative Execution
By performing this join in-network, REED can dramati- cally reduce the communications burden on the network topology, especially when there are relatively few satisfy- ing tuples, as is typically the case when identifying failures in condition-based monitoring or process compliance ap- plications. Reducing communication in this way is particu- larly important in many industrial scenarios when relatively high data rate sampling (e.g., 100’s of Hertz) is required to perform the requisite monitoring [10]. Table 1 shows an example of the kinds of tables which we expect to transmit – in this case, the filtration predicates vary with time, and include conditions...
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Schedule Network Analysis Using Event Chain Methodology
Sensor networks typically consist of tens to hundreds of small, battery-powered, radio-equipped nodes. These nodes usually have a small, embedded microprocessor, running at a few Mhz, with a small quantity of RAM and a larger Flash memory. The Berkeley mica2 Mote is a popu- lar sensor network hardware platform designed at UC Berkeley and sold commercially by Crossbow Corporation. It has a 7 Mhz processor, a 38.6Kbps radio with ~100 foot range, 4KB of RAM and 512KB flash, runs on AA batter- ies and uses ~15 mA in active power consumption and ~10 µA when asleep. Storage: The limited quantities...
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HISTORY AND EVENT IN ALAIN BADIOU
hemical and industrial manufacturing processes often require temperature, humid- ity, and other environmental parameters to remain in a small, fixed range that varies over time [11]. Should the temperature fall outside this range, manufacturers risk costly failures that must be avoided. Thus, they currently employ a range of wired sensing to avoid such problems [25,13]. Interestingly, companies in this area (e.g., GE, Honeywell, Rockwell, ABB, and others) are aggressively pursuing the use of mote-like devices to provide wireless connectivity, which is cheaper and safer than powered so- lutions as motes don’t require expensive wires to be in- stalled and avoid...
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Large-scale Incremental Processing Using Distributed Transactions and Notifications
Query processing in the original TinyDB implementation works as follows. The query is input on the user’s PC, or basestation. This query is optimized to improve execution; currently, TinyDB only considers the order of selection predicates during optimization (as the existing version does not support joins). Once optimized, the query is translated into a sensor-network specific format and injected into the network via a gateway node. The query is sent to all nodes in the network using a simple broadcast flood (TinyDB also implements a form of epidemic query sharing which we do not discuss)....
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Guidelines for using human event-related potentials to study cognition: Recording standards and publication criteria
Here, results are produced only when an exceptional condition is reached (the temperature is outside the desired range), and thus relatively few tuples will match. We note that this is a low selectivity query, indicating that it outputs (selects) a small percentage of the original sensor tuples. As mentioned above, our discussions with engineers in industrial settings suggest that each sensor may have sev- eral alarm conditions associated with it, and there may be hundreds or thousands of sensors in a single factory. In a typical deployment such as Intel’s, there could be several thousand filters, each...
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The Power of Firebird Events 2005
ne of the difficulties of maintaining a large network of battery-powered, wire- less nodes is that failures are frequent. Sometimes these failures are fail-fast: for example, a node’s battery dies and it stops reporting readings. At other times, however, these failures are more insidious: a node’s readings slowly drift away from those of sensors around it, until they are mean- ingless or useless. Of course, there are times when such de-correlated readings actually represent an interesting, highly localized event (i.e., an outlier). In either case, however, the user will typically want to be informed...
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Stream Prediction Using A Generative Model Based On Frequent Episodes In Event Sequences
For small join tables, REED always chooses to push them into the network if their selectivity is smaller than one. For intermediate tables, the REED query optimizer makes a decision as to whether to push the join into the network based on the estimated selectivity of the predicate (which may be learned from past performance or gathered statistics, or estimated using basic query optimization tech- niques [28]) and the average depth of sensor nodes in the network. It uses a novel algorithm to store several copies of the join table at different groups of neighboring nodes in the...
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‘Preparing Your Event’
There are two things to note about this algorithm. First, low selectivity filters might cause there to be fewer than one result (on average) per element of the outer loop, though it is in general possible for each tuple to match with more than one predicate. As in any database system with these properties, it is advantageous to apply our filters as close as possible to the data source in a sensor network since this would reduce the total number of data transmis- sions in the network. Second, elements of predicates are independent of each other. Thus, predicates...
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The Staged Event-Driven Architecture for Highly-Concurrent Server Applications
When the predicates table does not fit on one node, joins can no longer be performed strictly locally. Instead, the table must be horizontally partitioned. A tuple can only immediately join with the local partition at the node and must be shipped to other nodes to complete the join. Once the original tuple has reached every node that contains a partition of the table, it can be dropped and results can be forwarded to the root. Nodes thus organize themselves into groups that cumulatively store the entire table, where all group members are within broadcast range of each other....
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My Botnet is Bigger than Yours (Maybe, Better than Yours) : why size estimates remain challenging
Note that when node 7 produces a tuple that joins with the static table, three transmissions result; this is the same as if the original data was sent up the routing tree in the naïve or single-node case. In the worst case, there would have been two extra tuples: if node 5 produced a tuple which joined with a tuple on node 7 a total of 4 transmis- sions would have been performed. In general, no more than 2 + depth transmissions will be required, as any pair of nodes in the same group differ by no more...
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