Tài liệu miễn phí Sân khấu điện ảnh
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The response of Hollywood was to embrace some of this material. A
landmark move was the decision by Columbia to distribute Easy Rider
(1969), a project originally destined to become another biker picture
for AIP. The success of Easy Rider helped convince the studios to invest
in a new generation of filmmakers seen to be more in touch with
the youth audience affected by the 1960s counterculture. Hollywood
learned other lessons from the independents in this period. Along
with a number of foreign imports, independent features demonstrated
the box-office appeal of more racy, controversial or ‘adult’ material,
encouraging the adoption...
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Examples ranged from gory low-budget horror to the sexploitation
films of Russ Meyer. Elements of independent ‘exploitation’ strategy
were also embraced by Hollywood in its more mainstream, blockbuster
productions, especially the strategy of combining wide opening release
patterns with saturation advertising, in order to recoup costs quickly.
A number of Hollywood’s biggest-grossing films of the 1970s were, in
part, bigger-budget and glossier versions of independent exploitation
fare, especially The Exorcist (1973) and Jaws (1975)....
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The Hollywood Renaissance embraced aspects of
‘art’ cinema to some extent, but it proved short-lived, the product of
a period of transition that soon passed in the later 1970s, with both
the consolidation of a blockbuster-centred regime in Hollywood and
a political turn to the right in American culture. Space for edgier,
more questioning or ‘difficult’ filmmaking was generally reduced in
Hollywood from the end of the decade. Some individuals associated
with the Hollywood Renaissance continued to make less conventional
films, sometimes for the studios, where past box-office achievements
or status and reputation gave them sufficient clout (Martin Scorsese,
for...
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Hollywood’s loss, in terms of the general narrowing of the horizons
of possibility at the heart of the studio-led machine, was to be the
gain of a newly consolidating form of independent production and
distribution that was beginning to take shape during the 1980s, and
into which some of the inheritance of the Renaissance was carried.
The term ‘independent’ has had rather different connotations at
different periods in the history of American cinema. In the 1930s,
for example, it signified ‘something less than trash’.
In the late 1950s
and early 1960s it might have suggested both the innovations of
the ‘American...
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The size of the country is matched by a longstanding love affair with cinema which creates the world’s
biggest film audience. Even though India was controlled by the British until 1947, this did not prevent
the development of ‘industrial’ film production in several Indian cities, so that by the late 1930s an Indian
‘studio system’ was in place. By the late 1990s, India had overtaken Japan and America as the producer
of the largest number of feature films per year (800-1,000) and with an annual audience of over 3 billion at
home and millions more overseas, it can also claim...
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All of this is not disputed, but when we come to look at the films themselves and who watches them, it
gets more complicated. India is now famous for its computer software engineers and it has always been
known for its bureaucracies (needed to organise the world’s largest democracy), but the film industry
in India is only slowly beginning to deliver the detailed box office information on a regular basis that
business commentators and film scholars in the UK and North America have come to expect from their
own industries. There are rapid changes taking place in the Indian entertainment...
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We can best understand the importance of these classifications by making two simple distinctions.
The first is between ‘popular’ and ‘art’ cinema. The massive popular audience in India is hungry for
cheap entertainment and this is what cinema has provided. This audience, which includes a significant
proportion of people with limited access to education, enjoys universal genres such as action, comedy
and melodrama and more specifically ‘Indian’ stories with spiritual/mythological themes. The typical Indian
film as viewed from outside the country may well be a three hour spectacular ‘multi-genre’ film with six or
seven extended elaborately choreographed and costumed musical...
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From the lowest-budget, most formally audacious or politically radical
to the quirky, the offbeat, the cultish and the more conventional, the
independent sector has thrived in American cinema in the past two
decades, producing a body of work that stands out from the dominant
Hollywood mainstream and that includes many of the most distinctive
films to have appeared in the USA in recent years. It represents a
challenge to Hollywood, although also one that has been embraced
by the commercial mainstream to a substantial extent. Major formerly
independent distributors such as Miramax and New Line are attached
to Hollywood studios...
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The National Association of Theatre Owners (NATO) is the author and creator of
these system requirements for the purpose of copyright and other laws in all
countries throughout the world. The NATO copyright notice must be included in all
reproductions, whether in whole or in part, and may not be deleted or attributed to
others. NATO hereby grants to its members and their suppliers a limited license to
reproduce these system requirements from the National Association of Theatre
Owners.
...
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This document provides system requirements developed and adopted by the National
Association of Theatre Owners. This document may be revised by NATO. It is
intended solely as information for system providers, product developers, and
standards committees and other organizations in standardization and certification
efforts. NATO shall not be liable for any exemplary, incidental, proximate or
consequential damages or expenses arising from the use of this document.
This document is an authorized and approved publication of NATO. Only NATO has
the right and authority to revise or change the material contained in this document,
and any...
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Compliance with this document may require use of one or more features covered by
proprietary rights (such as features which are the subject of a patent, patent
application, copyright, mask work right or trade secret right). By publication of this
document, no position is taken by NATO with respect to the validity or infringement
of any patent or other proprietary right. NATO hereby expressly disclaims any
liability for infringement of intellectual property rights of others by virtue of the use
of this document. NATO has not and does not investigate any notices or allegations
of infringement prompted...
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A seminal idea proposed in The Intimate Enemy
which has subsequently come rather to define Nandy's
(frequently mis-represented) public political stance
concerns the disjunctions imposed by colonialism which
have returned to haunt contemporary India. The pen-
etration of the West has created a class of mimic men,
modernists, whose attempts to identify with the colo-
nial aggressors has produced...pathetic copies
of...Western man in the subcontinent (1983:74) and
Nandy places his hopes with a different class of Indians
who are neither pre-modern, nor anti-modern but only
non-modern (ibid). It is here that Nandy' s essentialism
ceases to look merely strategic as he seeks to ontologize
his preferred brand of wisdom (perfect weakness) in
the depths...
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This paper intends to use psychoanalysis to discover where and how the fascination
of film is reinforced by pre-existing patterns of fascination already at work within the
individual subject and the social formations that have moulded him. It takes as
starting point the way film reflects, reveals and even plays on the straight, socially
established interpretation of sexual difference which controls images, erotic ways of
looking and spectacle. It is helpful to understand what the cinema has been, how its
magic has worked in the past, while attempting a theory and a practice which will
challenge this cinema of...
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The paradox of phallocentrism in aIl its manifestations is that it depends on the
image of the castrated woman to give order and meaning to its world. An idea of
woman stands as lynch pin to the system: it is her lack that produces the phallus as
a symbolic presence, it is her desire to make good the lack that the phallus signifies.
Recent writing in Screen about psychoanalysis and the cinema has not sufficiently
brought out the importance of the representation of the female form in a symbolic
order in which, in the last resort, it speaks castration...
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Once this has been achieved,
her meaning in the process is at an end, it does not last into the world of law and
language except as a memory which oscillates between memory of maternal
plenitude and memory of lack. Both are posited on nature (or on anatomy in Freud's
famous phrase). Woman's desire is subjected to her image as bearer of the bleeding
wound, she can exist only in relation to castration and cannot transcend it. She turns
her child into the signifier of her own desire to possess a penis (the condition, she
imagines, of entry into...
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There is an obvious interest in this analysis for feminists, a beauty in its exact
rendering of the frustration experienced under the phallocentric order. It gets us
nearer to the roots of our oppression, it brings an articulation of the problem closer,
it faces us with the ultimate challenge: how to fight the unconscious structured like a
language (formed critically at the moment of arrival of language) while still caught
within the language of the patriarchy. There is no way in which we can produce an
alternative out of the blue, but we can begin to make a break...
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As an advanced representation system, the cinema poses questions of the ways the
unconscious (formed by the dominant order) structures ways of seeing and pleasure
in looking. Cinema has changed over the last few decades. It is no longer the
monolithic system based on large capital investment exemplified at its best by
Hollywood in the 1930's, 1940's and 1950's. Technological advances (16mm, etc)
have changed the economic conditions of cinematic production, which can now be
artisanal as well as capitalist. Thus it has been possible for an alternative cinema to
develop. However self-conscious and ironic Hollywood managed to be, it...
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The magic of the Hollywood style at its best (and of all the cinema which fell within
its sphere of influence) arose, not exclusively, but in one important aspect, from its
skilled and satisfying manipulation of visual pleasure. Unchallenged, mainstream film
coded the erotic into the language of the dominant patriarchal order. In the highly
developed Hollywood cinema it was only through these codes that the alienated
subject, torn in his imaginary memory by a sense of loss, by the terror of potential
lack in phantasy, came near to finding a glimpse of satisfaction: through its formal
beauty and...
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This article will discuss the interweaving of that erotic pleasure in film, its meaning,
and in particular the central place of the image of woman. It is said that analysing
pleasure, or beauty, destroys it. That is the intention of this article. The satisfaction
and reinforcement of the ego that represent the high point of film history hitherto
must be attacked. Not in favour of a reconstructed new pleasure, which cannot exist
in the abstract, nor of intellectualised unpleasure, but to make way for a total
negation of the ease and plenitude of the narrative fiction film. The alternative is...
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At first glance, the cinema would seem to be remote from the undercover world of
the surreptitious observation of an unknowing and unwilling victim. What is seen of
the screen is so manifestly shown. But the mass of mainstream film, and the
conventions within which it has consciously evolved, portray a hermetically sealed
world which unwinds magically, indifferent to the presence of the audience,
producing for them a sense of separation and playing on their voyeuristic phantasy.
Moreover, the extreme contrast between the darkness in the auditorium (which also
isolates the spectators from one another) and the brilliance of...
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Tham khảo tài liệu 'media programme 2007 - 2013 distribution – selective support', văn hoá - nghệ thuật, sân khấu điện ảnh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
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This is a moment when an older fascination with
looking (at the mother's face, for an obvious example) collides with the initial
inklings of self-awareness. Hence it is the birth of the long love affair/despair
between image and self-image which has found such intensity of expression in film
and such joyous recognition in the cinema audience. Ouite apart from the extraneous
similarities between screen and mirror (the framing of the human form in its
surroundings, for instance), the cinema has structures of fascination strong enough
to allow temporary loss of ego while simultaneously reinforcing the ego. The sense of...
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The second, developed through narcissism and the constitution of the
ego, comes from identification with the image seen. Thus, in film terms, one implies
a separation of the erotic identity of the subject from the object on the screen (active
scopophilia), the other demands identification of the ego with the object on the
screen through the spectator's fascination with and recognition of his like. The first is
a function of the sexual instincts, the second of ego libido. This dichotomy was
crucial for Freud. AIthough he saw the two as interacting and overIaying each other,
the tension between instinctual...
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Both are formative structures,
mechanisms not meaning. In themselves they have no signification, they have to be
attached to an idealisation. Both pursue aims in indifference to perceptual reality,
creating the imagised, eroticised concept of the world that forms the perception of
the subject and makes a mockery of empirical objectivity. During its history, the
cinema seems to have evolved a particularillusion of reality in which this
contradiction between libido and ego has found a beautifully complementary
phantasy world. In reality the phantasy world of the screen is subject to the law
which produces it. Sexual instincts and...
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Traditionally, the woman displayed has
functioned on two levels: as erotic object for the characters within the screen story,
and as erotic object for the spectator within the auditorium, with a shifting tension
between the looks on either side of the screen. For instance, the device of the show-
girl allows the two looks to be unified technically without any apparent break in the
diegesis. A woman performs within the narrative, the gaze of the spectator and that
of the male characters in the film are neatly combined without breaking narrative
verisimilitude. For a moment the sexual impact of the...
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Use the best speaker cables you can. Higher quality cables,
available from your specialty dealer, are recommended
and will give you superior performance. Spade connectors
are suggested for optimum contact and ease of installation.
Attach your speaker cables to the Signal Input section on
the rear panel. Be consistent when connecting speaker
leads to the terminals on the back of the Cinema: take great
care to assign the same color to the (+) terminal on both
the speaker and the amplifier. Please see the Operations
section (pages 5) of this manual for more details....
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Because your MartinLogan Cinema uses an internal power
supply to energize its electrostatic cells with high-voltage
DC, it must be connected to an AC power source. For this
reason it is provided with the proper IEC standard
power cord. This cords should be firmly inserted into the
AC power receptacles on the rear connection panel of the
speaker, then to any convenient AC wall outlet. The Cinema
integrates a signal sensing power supply which will switch
off after a few minutes of no music signal, and requires
less than two seconds to recharge the panels when a
music signal is present.
Your Cinema speaker is wired for the power service supplied
in...
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As the market leader in digital signage, NEC offers a large selection of
powerful digital signage solutions that can provide reliable outstanding
images over long periods of use.
Digital Signage can serve several purposes such as informing, entertaining
or providing a purchasing incentive. For instance, a public display with
tantalising content placed above a concession stand can boost sales of
popcorn, cola and other items. Public Displays in waiting areas playing
trailers of other current movies can draw people into other shows and
generate future ticket sales while shortening the perceived waiting time.
Way finding or simply displaying the movie poster...
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The issues of media, identity and gender are being discussed all over today. They have become integral to the
discipline of media studies. The reason is the popularity and diversity of media as a source of mass consumption
and its influence on constructing ideas and generating debate. The media scene in India has expanded in the
recent times as there is a plethora of media choices available to the audiences. Media structures and systems
have also undergone a sea change with privatization and globalization. Huge corporations with their own profit
motives own media houses. Media has been...
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The interest in films taken by feminists stems from concern about the under-representation and
misrepresentation of women in cinema. It adopts a critical approach towards gender bias on celluloid. The
feminist approach to cinema asks a few pertinent questions like how women are represented on screen, how
women‟s issues are treated in cinema, what does feminism mean to film-makers, how does the feminist agenda
manifest on screen, how is the women character positioned vis a vis the male character and what is the role of
women film-makers and women writers in depicting women‟s issues through cinema.
iii
Feminist critique...
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