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ATTACHMENT 7
Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development
CARD Project 017/06VIE - Sustainable community-based forest development and management in some high-poverty areas in Bac Kan Province
Report on a Training Course
Sustainable harvest of Non-timber forest products
26 – 29 September 2008
Khongsak Pinyopusarerk and Tran Thi Thu Ha with contribution from Phan Van Thang October 2008
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Introduction
As part of CARD Project 017/06VIE – Sustainable community-based forest development and management in some high-poverty areas in Bac Kan Province, a training course in “Sustainable harvest of non-timber forest products” was conducted for villagers from the four project pilot villages of Na Muc and Khuoi Lieng (Van Minh Commune) and To Dooc and Ban Sang (Lang San Commune) in Na Ri district during 26-29 September 2008. Due to the importance of non-timber forest products (NTFP) in the project villages, some key commune leaders and officials were invited to participate in order to provide them with the information related to government policies and regulations on harvest and trade of NTFP. Local communities have harvested and used NTFP as part of daily livelihoods, but most of them were not aware of the extent of the importance of NTFP in international trade, and the potential for household income generation.
Because of the very specific topic of this training, the project sought support from the Research Centre for Non-timber Forest Products of the Forest Science Institute of Vietnam for one of their experts on NTFP, Mr Phan Van Thang (Head of NTFP Cultivation and Harvest Division) to give lectures and prepare material for field exercises. Mr Khongsak Pinyopusarerk (CSIRO) and Dr Tran Thi Thu Ha (TUAF) assisted Mr Thang throughout the training duration.
The training was organised at Van Minh commune centre for Na Muc and Khuoi Lieng villagers (26-27 September), and at Lang San commune centre for To Dooc and Ban Sang villagers (28-29 September). At Van Minh commune the opening ceremony was chaired by the Commune’s Secretary General, Ms Dam Thi Thoi, who participated in the training for the whole two days and led group exercises and discussion. At Lang San commune, Chairman Nong Van Tam presided at the opening ceremony. Both Ms Thoi and Mr Tam also attended the closing sessions and advised some follow-up activities to training participants.
The course lectures were presented for one and half days using PowerPoint slides (already translated into Vietnamese language). Many group exercises and discussions were included during the lecture sessions. The remaining half a day was spent in a forest nearby where participants were shown how to plant some NTFP species and how to carry out sustainable harvest of various NTFP species.
The list of participants is given in Appendices 1 and 2. The training PowerPoint slides are presented in Appendices 3 and 4.
Training objectives
The main objective was to improve knowledge, skills and attitude of local people and local government staff on sustainable harvest of non-timber forest products.
After attending the training, participants were expected to acquire basic knowledge on the following:
1. What are NTFP?
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2. Important roles of NTFP on local livelihood
3. Awareness of key government policies related to harvest and trade of NTFP 4. Planting techniques of some NTFP species
5. Sustainable harvest techniques for local NTFP species
Course contents
The training course consisted of lectures (including extensive group exercises/discussions) and field practice on planting and harvesting.
The lecture sessions covered the following.
1. General introduction
Mr Pinyopusarerk gave an overview of this CARD project as background information to participants who attended project training for the first time. He then discussed the objective of this training and described the importance of NTFP and what NTFP could contribute to the livelihoods of rural communities. The PowerPoint slides for this presentation are given in Appendix 3.
2. Specific topics
Mr Thang presented lectures which were divided into five topics (see Appendix 4). During the lecture sessions, participants were divided into 3 groups for group exercise, group discussion and group presentation. The grouping was a mix of commune officials and villagers.
2.1 What are NTFP?
NTFP include non-timber forest products which can be derived from both plants and animals from forests. They are classified into the following broad groups:
• Fibre products • Food products
• Pharmaceutical/cosmetic products from plants • Tannin, resin, rubber, etc
• Animals and animals products but not food items e.g. hide, fir • Other products, e.g. plant bonsai
There are about 750 plant species NTFP in Vietnam. The most common and important are bamboos and rattans which are always in high demand.
Group exercise: The three groups were asked to list NTFP (both plants and animals) in the local areas according to their knowledge and understanding. The three groups came up with 20-25 NTFP and most were overlapping between groups
Many participants were not aware of the definition of NTFP and were surprised that many products were considered NTFP. For example, fish is one of the most common NTFP in rural communities. They tended to think about bamboos and rattans.
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2.2 The role of NTFP
This session emphasised the many roles of NTFP:
(1) Household consumption and income
(2) Raw materials for industry and export revenue (3) Biodiversity and conservation
Group exercise: Participants were asked to list, according to their view:
(1) The most important NTFP (2) Common NTFP
(3) Rare NTFP
2.3 Government policies related to NTFP
There are many government decisions and decrees that are related to NTFP harvest and trade. At this training these were presented.
(1) MARD Decision No. 47 on regulations on harvest, utilisation and trade
(2) MARD Decision 04/2004 relating to harvest of bamboos and bamboo shoots from production forest and protection forest
(3) MARD Decision 178/2001 Benefit Policies - permit households, individuals and organisations to harvest NTFP from their forest land
(4) Government Decree 68/1998 Forest Resource Policies concerning resources tax and its implication to NTFP
2.4 Planting techniques
Discussion on how to plant NFTP species which are classified into two main groups: (1) NTFP species that can grow in sunlight. These are mainly high canopy tree
species such as cinnamon, Illecium verum, Aquilaria crassna (agarwood), Canarium album, Bamboos.
(2) NTFP species that grow under forest canopy: such as cardamom, rattan, Morinda officinalis.
2.5 Sustainable harvest techniques
The concept and principle of sustainable use and harvest of NTFP were described. This was followed by group exercises.
Group exercises: Each participant group was asked to present the following: (1) The method they normally collect or harvest certain NTFP species (2) The appropriate time for harvesting NTFP in local areas
(3) Based on their view – the quantity and quality of important NTFP (4) Based on their view – the main cause of the decrease in some NTFP (5) What are the solutions for the decreasing NTFP
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It was clear that none of the groups gave much consideration to sustainability of the products. This practice has led to the decrease in the number of some plant species. For example, some people may cut down small trees to collect fruits, instead of lopping the branches.
3. Field practice
Participants visited a forest nearby where many kinds of NTFP were identified. Mr Thang also demonstrated how to correctly plant some NTFP species, and how to sustainably harvest some species.
Concluding remarks
It was very pleasing to witness active participation from villagers and commune officials during the training. The training is considered successful in many ways. It has raised the awareness of local people on the importance of NTFP, government regulations, and in particular sustainable harvest practice. Participants all agreed that they had to change the way they utilise and harvest NTFP for long-term economic benefit as well as for conservation of biodiversity.
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