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Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development
CARD Project Progress Report
025/06VIE
Improvement of Vietnamese vegetable production using GAP principles for seed and seedling production and superior hybrid varieties
MILESTONE 9
PROJECT VALIDATION AND CAPACITY IMPROVEMENT
Introduction
The project review visits were conducted from December 2009 and completed in
March 2010. In November 2009, Robert Spooner-Hart and FAVRI staff visited a
number of project FFS in 6 provinces to discuss progress with the sub-PPD (SPPD)
staff, farmer participants and to visit the field demonstration sites. These activities
were undertaken to assess results and how they might impact on adoption of project
outcomes. This followed earlier visits to FFS in the first season, and the TOT at the
end of the first season’s FFS.
In February-March, 2010, Robert Spooner-Hart, together with Tony Haigh (UWS)
and Peter Hanson (AVRDC), reviewed the progress and the status of hybrid vegetable
seed evaluation and production, particularly by SSC and FAVRI. They visited sites in
Southern, Central Highlands and Northern Viet Nam. Robert Spooner-Hart and
FAVRI staff subsequently surveyed farmer participants and SPPD staff in 4
provinces: 2 in the Red River Delta (Hai Phong and Thai Binh) and 2 on the Central
Coast (Quang Nam and Da Nang).
In June 2007, Robert Spooner-Hart and Oleg Nicetic with FAVRI staff, conducted a
baseline study of seed and seedling producers and SPPD staff in 3 regions of Viet
Nam: the Red River Delta, (Hung Yen and Vinh Phuc provinces) Central Coast
(Quang Nam and Da Nang) and Lam Dong. In each province, survey questionnaires
were used to gather information from tomato, cucumber producers and seedling
producers, using a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach. Data collected
included current crop varieties grown, key pests and diseases, and yield and quality
and costs and returns. In addition, the knowledge, skills, attitudes and practices of the
target farmers to GAP in the context of vegetable production was also assessed. The
interview forms for farmers, which were a combination of questions previously asked
in the baseline survey, together with their view on project outcomes relating
specifically to themselves.
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Review of activities and current status of activities at end of project
1. Southern Seed Company
Members of the project team met with SSC staff in December 2009 and February
2010 and, on both occasions, discussed progress with regard to capacity building in
production of F1 hybrid tomato seed and understanding of GAP within the company
as well as progress toward registration and supply of new, disease-resistant tomato
varieties from the project. For images of SSC activities, please see Fig.1.
The review team visited the 3 SSC field sites described in the Baseline Survey,
namely Long An, Lam Dong and Hung Yen, in late February 2010. The overall
quality of evaluation trials was assessed as very good by the team, and demonstrated a
high level of competence shown by staff at SSC. Two issues identified by the project
team, however, was the lack of use of grafted plant material in the trial sites, and the
use of commercial seed (particularly check varieties) which had received a seed
treatment, when comparing with performance of non-commercial cultivars which had
not received seed treatment. These were not regarded as major issues by SSC, because
the land for evaluations had not been previously used for tomato production, so
bacterial wilt should not have been a problem. However, this will be a policy they will
now consider in future trials. There have been 3 seasons of evaluation trials by SSC
during the project. The project has been able to identify, via SSC activities, two
superior F1 hybrid varieties from the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC), WVCT2
and WVCT8, which have proved to be as good as many of SSC current varieties,
performed well against the industry standard Savior (RRD and HCMC) and Anna
(Lam Dong), and have good market acceptability. They are also highly tolerant of
TYLCV.
While in Lam Dong, the project team inspected the hybrid seed production site.
Again, the team were impressed with the level of expertise shown. We quizzed SSC
as to the likely cost of seed of the new varieties vs the industry standards, Savior
(South) or Anna (Lam Dong). They believe the price to farmers will be 70,000 VND
(~$US 3.50) for 5 grams seed, compared with 120,000 VND (~ $US 6.00) for Savior.
They estimate it will cost them $US 100-120 /kg to produce the seed. They are, as yet,
unclear as to the size of the market for their varieties. They will sell both the F1
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hybrid seed and bacterial wilt-resistant rootstock seeds, and will recommend use of
grafted seedlings in disease-prone districts.
The company confirmed its commitment to submit an application to register at least
one of the varieties through MARD, hopefully by December 2010. To this end, SSC
is currently (mid 2010) conducting final evaluation of 2 varieties to generate data for
application for registration to the Evaluation Committee MARD, and is establishing
10 demonstration plots for farmers and seed buyers in North Vietnam, Lam Dong and
the Mekong Delta. In addition, they indicated that they are incorporating disease
resistance genes (especially against TYLCV- the major disease targeted in CARD
06/025) into an expanding tomato breeding program for Vietnam.
There is no doubt that there has been significant capacity development within SSC
with respect to tomato evaluation, F1 hybrid production and breeding during the
project period. This was most evident in Mr Tuan, who was our key contact in the
organisation and was the SSC representative to visit Australia on the study tour. The
company also recognises the need for capacity development in their staff, and paid for
a recently-appointed tomato breeder Mr. Tang Duc Hung, to visit AVRDC for
training in advanced breeding techniques, such as use of molecular markers, tomato
inbred line evaluation, and breeding for resistance to other key tomato diseases, such
as bacterial wilt and late blight. This training has now been completed, and SSC is
looking forward to breeding new multi-disease resistant F1 hybrid tomato varieties for
Vietnam.
3. PVFC
During our visit to Lam Dong, the project review team met with the project
coordinator from that institution, Dr PX Tung. While Dr Tung’s background and
primary interest has been in potato production, it was extremely pleasing to see that
he had developed, by the end of the project, a tomato breeding program to produce
varieties resistant to bacterial blight and late blight as well as TYLCV. He had been
running this program for the past 2 seasons, with greenhouse and field evaluations. He
showed us his current field evaluation site, the assessment of which is being assisted
by Ms Hang, a Masters student from Da Lat university (See Fig. 1).The breeding
program commenced with 36 crosses, of which 16 were selected for further
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assessment. The current investigations include a further 34 evaluations. Selection is
being made for yield, fruit quality and disease resistance. This outcome was not part
of the original project but it demonstrates both the improved capacity of PVFC and a
strong interest in development of superior tomato varieties for Vietnamese conditions.
It also demonstrates a response beyond the original focus on TYLCV, in light of
actual experiences from the project activities (namely, loss of evaluation plots from
late blight).
Further demonstration of the capacity improvement includes the training of a Masters
student in tomato variety evaluation in Vietnam and AVRDC. UWS will financially
assist Ms Hang to undergo a training course on tomato breeding and varietal
evaluation of late blight resistance, in November 2010.
4. Seedling production
The project team also met Nguyen Hong Phong, Duc Trong district in Lam Dong, the
vegetable seedling producer who assisted in the project. He provided access to his
production facility for the TOT and Industry training workshops at Lam Dong, as well
as producing the grafted tomato seedlings for the FFS in Lam Dong and, in the second
season, for Da Nang and Quang Nam. The project team was impressed to see how Mr
Phong’s business had developed during just over three years of the project- it had
expanded with improved technology, but also with improved record keeping and
implementation of worker occupational health practices. However, it was difficult to
determine how much of this was achieved as a result of his association with the
project. We discussed with Mr Phong what he had achieved from his involvement in
the project. He stated that he had widened his network of researchers and extension
staff he had increased his awareness of the tomato production industry beyond Lam
Dong. He also stated that the discussion of GAP, especially practical implementation,
had helped him and his wife to improve their record keeping practices. He was
unclear about implementation of GAP certification of his company, because he is
selling plants to other farmers and certification does not seem relevant at this time.
He invited us into his very impressive recently constructed home, and expressed his
gratitude for being allowed to participate in the project. There is no doubt that his
business will continue to be the leading vegetable seedling producer in Lam Dong,
and possibly in Vietnam, and that it will be a demonstration of good technical,
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